Adiabatic Boundary Condition¶
An adiabatic condition enforces zero normal heat flux across a boundary:
\[
q_n = -\hat{n} \cdot (\kappa \nabla T) = 0.
\]
- \(q_n\) - outward normal heat flux [W/m\(^2\)]
- \(\hat{n}\) - outward unit normal
- \(\kappa\) - thermal conductivity [W/(m K)]
- \(T\) - solid temperature [K]
Applicability¶
The adiabatic boundary condition is applied when no heat transfer occurs across a solid boundary. It represents a perfectly thermally insulated surface, for which the normal heat flux vanishes.
Typical use cases¶
- Symmetry planes in motor / transformer / electronics sector models — the same plane usually also carries the magnetic symmetry condition.
- Idealised insulation (foam jackets, thermal blankets) when the conductive loss through the insulator is negligible compared with the rest of the heat budget.
- Vacuum-facing surfaces where radiation is small and convection absent (e.g. inside a cryostat at moderate ΔT).